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u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 1 (11) zero voltage switch with adjustable ramp description the integrated circuit, u217b, is designed as a zero- voltage switch in bipolar technology. it is used to control resistive loads at mains by a triac in zero-crossing mode. a ramp generator allows to realize power control function by period group control, whereas full wave logic guarantees that full mains cycles are used for load switching. features direct supply from the mains current consumption 0.5 ma very few external components full wave drive ? no dc current component in the load circuit negative output current pulse typ. 100 ma ? short circuit protected simple power control ramp generator reference voltage applications full wave power control temperature regulation power blinking switch package: dip8, so8 block diagram ramp generator pulse amplifier comparator r 1 18 k 2 w d 1 byt86/800 l tic 236n 95 10872 synchronization supply full wave logic + ? reference voltage 1.25 v 1 3 4 r 4 100 k 2 8 5 c 2 2.2 f/ 10 v r 5 15 k min max 100 k r 6 58 k 7 6 220 k c 1 100 r 3 load 1000 w v m = 230 v~ n (r sync ) r 2 (250 v~) g mt2 mt1 gnd + 100 f/ 16 v figure 1. block diagram with typical circuit, period group control 0 to 100% a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 2 (11) general description the integrated circuit, u217b, is a triac controller for the zero crossing mode. it is meant to control power in switching resistive loads of mains supply. information regarding supply sync. is provided at pin 8 via resistor r sync . to avoid dc load on the mains, full wave logic guarantees that complete mains cycles are used for load switching. a fire pulse is released when the inverted input of the comparator is negative (pin 4) with respect to the non? inverted input (pin 3) and internal reference voltage. a ramp generator with free selectable duration is possible with capacitor c 2 at pin 2 which provides not only symmetrical pulse burst control (figure 3), but also control with superimposed proportional band (figure 10). ramp voltage available at capacitor c 2 is decoupled across emitter follower at pin l. to maintain the lamp flicker specification, ramp duration is adjusted according to the controlling load. in practice, interference should be avoided (temperature control). therefore in such cases a two point control is preferred to proportional control. one can use internal reference voltage for simple applications. in that case pin 3 is inactive and connected to pin 7 (gnd), figure 9. ramp control 1 c 2 ?v s 95 11306 2 figure 2. pin 1 internal network 95 11307 v 1 1.4 v 7.3 v ?v s(pin5) t v min t final voltage initial voltage v max figure 3. firing pulse width t p , (figure 4) this depends on the latching current of the triac and its load current. the firing pulse width is determined by the zero crossing identification which can be influenced with the help of sync. resistance, r sync , (figure 6). t p = 2 arc. sin i l v m p 2 whereas i l = latching current of the triac v m = mains supply, effective p = power load (user?s power) total current consumption is influenced by the firing pulse width, which can be calculated as follows: r sync v m 2 sin ( t p 2 )?0.6 v 3.5 10 ?5 a ?49 k 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 10 100 1000 10000 t ( ms ) p ( w ) 96 11939 p i l ( ma) 100 200 50 v mains = 230 v figure 4. 0 300 600 900 1200 0 400 800 1200 2000 r ( k ) sync t p ( s ) 1500 95 9978 1600 v m =230v ac t amb =25 c figure 5. a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 3 (11) triac firing current (pulse) this depends on the triac requirement. it can be limited with gate series resistance which is calculated as follows: r gmax 7.5 v ? v gmax i gmax ? 36 i p = i gmax t t p whereas: v g = gate voltage i gmax = max. gate current i p = average gate current t p = firing pulse width t = mains period duration supply voltage the integrated circuit u217b (which also contains internal voltage limiting) can be connected via the diode (d 1 ) and the resistor (r 1 ) with the mains supply. an internal climb circuit limits the voltage between pin 5 and 7 to a typical value of 9.25 v. series resistance r 1 can be calculated (figures 7 and 8) as follows: r 1max = 0.85 v min ? v smax 2 i tot ;p (r1) = (v m? v s ) 2 2 r 1 i tot = i s + i p + i x whereas v m = mains voltage v s = limiting voltage of the ic i tot = total current consumption i s = current requirement of the ic (without load) i x = current requirement of other peripheral components p (r1) = power dissipation at r 1 03 6 9 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 r ( k ) 1 i tot ( ma ) 15 95 10114 v mains =230v figure 6. 03 6 9 12 0 i tot ( ma ) 15 95 10116 v mains =230v 1 2 3 4 6 p ( w ) 5 r1 figure 7. a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 4 (11) absolute maximum ratings reference point pin 7 parameters symbol value unit supply current pin 5 ?i s 30 ma sync. current pin 8 i sync. 5 ma output current ramp generator pin 1 i o 3 ma input voltages pin 1, 3, 4, 6 pin 2 pin 8 ?v i ?v i v i v s 2 to v s 7.3 v power dissipation t b =45 c p 400 mw t amb = 45 c t amb = 100 c p tot 400 125 m w junction temperature t j 125 c operating-ambient temperature range t amb 0 to 100 c storage temperature range t stg ?40 to + 125 c thermal resistance parameters symbol maximum unit junction ambient r thja 200 k/w electrical characteristics ?v s = 8.5 v, t amb = 25 c, reference point pin 7, unless otherwise specified parameters test conditions / pin symbol min typ max unit supply voltage limitation ?i s = 5 ma pin 5 ?v s 8.6 9.25 9.9 v supply current pin 5 ?i s 500 a voltage limitation i 8 = 1 ma pin 8 v i 7.5 8.7 v synchronous current pin 8 i sync 0.12 ma zero detector i sync 35 a output pulse width v m = 230 v , r sync = 220 k r sync = 470 k t p 260 460 s output pulse current v 6 = 0 v pin 6 ?i o 100 ma comparator input offset voltage pin 3,4 v i0 5 15 mv input bias current pin 4 i ib 1 a common mode input voltage pin 3,4 ?v ic 1 (v s ?1) v threshold internal reference v 3 = 0 v pin 4 ?v t 1.25 v ramp generator , pin 1, figure 1 period ?i s = 1 ma, i sync =1 ma, c 1 = 100 f, c 2 = 1 f, r 4 = 100 k t 1.5 s final voltage v 1 0.9 1.40 1.80 v initial voltage 1 6.8 7.3 7.8 charge current v 2 = 0 v, i 8 = ?1 ma pin 2 ?i 2 13 17 26 a a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 5 (11) applications 8 7 65 123 4 u217b vdr r l 270 k v m = 230 v ~ 56 56 k 39 k 47 f/ 10 v i i 1.5 ma byt86/800 18 k 1.5 w l n +5 v cny21 v i 95 11308 load figure 8. power switch ramp generator pulse amplifier comparator r 1 18 k / 2 w d 1 byt86/800 l 95 11309 synchronization supply full wave logic + ? reference voltage 1.25 v 1 3 4 r 4 100 k 2 8 5 2.2 f/ 10 v r 9 150 7 6 220 k c 1 100 r 3 load 1000 w v m = 230 v~ n (r sync ) r 2 (250 v~) r 5 1) bc237 r 6 100 k r 8 470 k r (25) 100 k ntc/m87 b value = 3988 r 7 130 k r p 220 k + c 2 figure 9. temperature control 15 to 35 c with sensor monitoring ntc?sensor m 87 fabr. siemens r( 25 ) =100 k /b =3988 ? r 5 1) determines the proportional range r (15) = 159 k r( 35 ) = 64.5 k a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 6 (11) 8 7 65 123 4 u217b 270 k v m = 230 v ~ 56 byt86/800 18 k / 1.5 w l n 95 11310 100 nf/ 250 v ~ 82 0.5 ... 2.2 kw 110 k 150 k 47 f/ 16v 0.47 f/ 10 v figure 10. power blinking switch with f 2.7 hz, duty cycle 1:1, power range 0.5 to 2.2 kw a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 7 (11) 8 7 65 123 4 u217b 510 k v m = 230 v ~ 62 byt86/800 l n 95 11311 0.35 ... 1.5 kw 910 k r 2 i h = 50 ma load r 1 9.1 k r 6 1n4148 r 16 220 k r 7 12 k c 3 10 nf r 10 25 k r 15 ntc 33 k r 9 12 k 56 k r 8 c 2 1 f c 4 47 f 100 f/ 12 v c 5 c 1 2.2 f r 3 r 5 680 k 680 k r 4 13 k /2 w 1n4148 ? t figure 11. room temperature control with definite reduction (remote control) for a temperature range 5 to 30 c a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 8 (11) 8 7 65 123 4 u217b 220 k 56 byt51g 18 k 1.5 w l n 95 11312 load/ 1000 w 68 f/ 10 v vdr 10 nf 220 k 500 k 50 k ntc v m = 230 v ~ (680 k (2 m (200 k figure 12. two?point temperature control for a temperature range 15 to 30 c a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 9 (11) 8 7 65 123 4 u217b 430 k v m = 230 v~ 92 byt51g 18 k / 1.5 w l n 95 11313 68 f/ 10 v load/400 w r sync r 3 27 k 330 k r 5 8.2 k r 7 / c 1 c 2 150 nf r 15 / 50 k r 4 / 39 k r 1 d 1 200 k ntc d 2 1n4148 33 f/ 10 v c 3 r 6 figure 13. two-point temperature control for a temperature range 18 to 32 c and hysteresis of 0.5 c at 25 c a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 10 (11) dimension in mm package: dip8 94 8873 package: so8 94 8862 a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h
u217b/ U217B-FP telefunken semiconductors rev. a1, 24-may-96 11 (11) ozone depleting substances policy statement it is the policy of temic telefunken microelectronic gmbh to 1. meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. it is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances ( odss). the montreal protocol ( 1987) and its london amendments ( 1990) intend to severely restrict the use of odss and forbid their use within the next ten years. various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. temic telefunken microelectronic gmbh semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of odss listed in the following documents. 1. annex a, b and list of transitional substances of the montreal protocol and the london amendments respectively 2 . class i and ii ozone depleting substances in the clean air act amendments of 1990 by the environmental protection agency ( epa ) in the usa 3. council decision 88/540/eec and 91/690/eec annex a, b and c ( transitional substances ) respectively. temic can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances. we reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice . parameters can vary in different applications. all operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. should the buyer use temic products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify temic against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. temic telefunken microelectronic gmbh, p.o.b. 3535, d-74025 heilbronn, germany telephone: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2831, fax number: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2423 a d r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s g m b h

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